The Differences Between a Face Cut, Back Cut, and Notch Cut in Tree Felling
When it comes to cutting down trees safely, knowing the types of cuts involved is critical. Three essential cuts that every tree feller should be familiar with are the face cut, back cut, and notch cut. Each cut plays a vital role in controlling the direction the tree falls and ensuring the safety of the person felling the tree. Below, we will explain the differences between these cuts and how they work together to bring a tree down in a controlled manner.
What Is a Face Cut?
The face cut, also known as the notch cut, is the first cut made when felling a tree. This cut consists of two cuts that form a wedge or notch on the side of the tree facing the direction in which you want the tree to fall. The purpose of the face cut is to guide the fall of the tree by creating a hinge that controls the direction the tree falls as gravity takes over.
To make a proper face cut, you first make a top cut, which is angled downward, and then a bottom cut, which is horizontal and meets the top cut to form a wedge. Ideally, the notch should be no deeper than one-third of the diameter of the tree’s trunk(Everything Arboriculture)(Bovees, where the growing begins!).
What Is a Back Cut?
Once the face cut is completed, the next step is to make the back cut, which is made horizontally on the opposite side of the tree, about two inches higher than the bottom of the notch. The back cut is crucial for releasing the tree from its standing position. When done correctly, this cut should leave a strip of uncut wood, known as the hinge, which guides the fall and controls the tree's movement(Bovees, where the growing begins!).
The key is to leave enough wood for the hinge to hold, but not so much that the tree doesn't fall. It's a delicate balance between cutting enough to make the tree fall and keeping enough hinge to control its descent.
Types of Notch Cuts
There are several types of notch cuts that you can use depending on the size, condition, and environment of the tree being felled:
Open-Faced Notch: This type of notch is ideal for trees on slopes or where precision is key. The open-faced notch creates a wider opening (around 70-90 degrees), offering more control over the fall(Bovees, where the growing begins!)(Forestry).
Conventional Notch: This is a more traditional approach, often used for trees on flat ground. It involves a smaller notch opening (around 45 degrees) and is good for trees that are prone to splitting(Bovees, where the growing begins!).
Humboldt Notch: Typically used for large trees on steep terrain, the Humboldt notch is inverted, with the top cut horizontal and the bottom cut sloped upward. It leaves a lower stump and is useful for preventing tree splits(Bovees, where the growing begins!)(Forbes Tree Care).
Why Proper Cuts Are Important
Incorrect cuts or improper use of the chainsaw can result in an uncontrolled fall, which is extremely dangerous. The key to tree felling is precision, understanding the tree's condition, and knowing how different cuts affect the fall. Always plan your cuts carefully, check for any nearby obstacles (such as power lines or buildings), and ensure there’s a clear escape path at a 45-degree angle from the tree's fall line(Forestry).
Safety Disclaimer
At Family Tree Care, safety is our top priority. While this article explains tree felling techniques, we strongly advise against attempting to cut down large or hazardous trees without professional assistance and training. Cutting trees can be dangerous, especially if you lack the proper knowledge, tools, and safety equipment. Always consult a certified arborist for any tree removal job. We do not claim to train or encourage anyone to cut a tree without the appropriate professional skills and precautions.
By understanding the critical differences between the face cut, back cut, and notch cut, and using the proper techniques, you can safely manage tree felling projects. However, always prioritize safety and consider hiring an expert to ensure the job is done right.
